Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, has a surface temperature of 94 degrees Kelvin above absolute zero, about a third of Earth’s. Titan is located 9.5 times farther than the Earth-Sun separation and the surface temperature of Solar system objects declines roughly as the square-root of their distance from the Sun. Coincidentally…

In spring 2023, a Galileo Project team plans to board a boat and use a sled with a magnet to scoop the ocean floor near Papua New Guinea. This “fishing expedition” aims to collect fragments from the first interstellar meteor (IM1), reported in the CNEOS fireball catalog on January 8…

The Galileo Project searches in the Earth’s atmosphere and in space for artificial objects that were manufactured by extraterrestrial technological civilizations. In recent interviews, I was repeatedly asked how our research team will distinguish natural from artificial origins? My answer was simple: if an object does not look or behave…

The Italian Side Academy is a school of excellence, offering courses on animation, visual effects, arts and games, including digital production, computer graphics, and 3D art with scripting and editing. The Side Academy held a special session, following the Italian translation of my book, Extraterrestrial, by the Mondadori Publishing Company…

The human spirit is admirably resilient. Life took hold on Earth as soon as the physical conditions enabled it. And it will continue as long as the physical conditions allow it. The high likelihood that the same physical conditions were replicated on billions of similar rocks within the Milky Way…

An amazing fact about cosmic history is that the most massive black holes always had ten billion times the mass of the Sun, starting when the Universe was 5% of its current age, merely 700 million years after the Big Bang. During 95% of cosmic history since then, the ceiling…

“How did the first stars and galaxies form?” was the title of my first book, published in 2010 in anticipation of the launch of the Webb telescope — which took another dozen years to materialize. Together with my follow-up textbook “The First Galaxies in the Universe”, published in 2013 with…

The Sun was born 4.6 billion years ago. In 7.6 billion years, it will become a red giant with a puffed-up atmosphere after which its core will condense to a hot metallic remnant the size of the Earth, a white dwarf. Deep images from the Hubble and Webb telescopes show…

Politicians and social media algorithms tend to separate groups of people from each other. The resulting polarization feeds on differences in nationality, socioeconomic background, religious upbringing, education, gender, skin color or ethnicity. But the underlying truth is that all humans are nearly the same, made of elements produced in the…